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GlossaryAggregates - sand and gravel, crushed rock and other bulk materials used in the construction industry. Aggregates Levy - an environmental tax on the commercial exploitation of aggregates in the UK introduced in 2002. Agricultural Waste - waste produced by farms and similar agricultural operations. Air Pollution Control Residues - materials captured in, and arising from, gas clean-up systems. Anaerobic Digestion - a biochemical process by which organic matter is decomposed by bacteria under controlled conditions in the absence of oxygen, producing methane gas and other by-products. Behaviour Change - getting organisations and individuals to understand the impacts of their actions and take responsibility for changing them. Biological Treatment - technologies that use bacteria under controlled conditions to break down organic materials and wastes. Biowaste - Waste that is organic in nature (eg vegetable matter, wood, paper, oil) and biodegradable. Bottom Ash - the residual ash fraction arising from waste combustion, recovered from the bottom of the furnace of incinerators and other combustion plant. Business Practices - activities that contribute to the outputs from manufacturing and service industries, e.g. production and assembly. Chemical Treatment - technologies that use chemical processes to treat certain types of waste, e.g. neutralise acids. Civic Amenity Site - a site where the public can deliver household waste for reuse, recycling or disposal. Called Household Waste Recycling Centres in Hampshire. Climate Change - effect on the earth’s climate caused by man-made greenhouse gas emissions. Also referred to as global warming. Closed-loop System - a system for collecting used materials from a community and then reusing, recycling or recovering value from them to the benefit of that community. Commercial Waste - a legal definition relating to waste from premises used for trade, business, sport, recreation or entertainment, etc. Composting - the controlled biological decomposition of organic material in the presence of air to form a humus-like material. Construction, Demolition & Excavation Wastes - wastes from building and civil engineering activities. Legally classified as industrial waste. Consumption - the process of using natural resources, materials, or finished products to satisfy human needs and wants. Contaminated Soil - soil containing substances which may cause risks to human health, human activities or the environment. Core Strategy - part of the new Local Development Framework process setting out the key elements of the planning framework for an area. Dry Recyclables - recyclable materials such as paper, metals, glass and plastics excluding garden and food wastes. Eastern English Channel - a channel covering 20 miles off the Sussex coast that is proposed as a valuable new source of sand and gravel. EC Directive – a European Community law that Member States must comply with and transpose into their law. Economic Development - efforts to increase wealth creation and employment opportunities by encouraging new businesses to relocate in an area or existing businesses to expand. ELV – end of life vehicle such as an old car disposed of as scrap. Energy Recovery Incineration - burning of waste materials at high temperatures under controlled conditions with the utilisation of the heat produced to supply industrial or domestic users, and/or generate electricity. Environment Agency - government agency established in 1995 for England and Wales with the principle aim of protecting and enhancing the environment, including the regulation of waste management. Extended Life - passing products or items into shared or passed-on ownership to extend their life. Fly-ash - the accumulation of particles extracted by the gas-cleaning processes involved with incineration and other thermal treatment plant. Fossil Fuels – carbon based remains of organic matter (i.e. ancient plant and animal life) that has been geologically transformed into coal, oil and natural gas. Gasification - the breakdown of waste by heating it in a controlled system but with the addition of oxygen. The process generates gas (that can be used as an energy source). Green Wastes - organic plant materials such as grass cuttings, hedge trimmings and tree loppings. Green Waste Composting - the controlled biological decomposition of green wastes to produce a quality soil conditioner. Greenhouse Gas - gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and CFCs which contribute to global warming by trapping heat between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. Hazardous Wastes - waste materials that may pose a threat to human health or the environment and require special management care. Can only be dealt with at licensed hazardous waste disposal facilities. Household Waste - a legal definition relating to waste from domestic sources such as households, caravans and residential homes, etc. Household Waste Recycling Centre (HWRC) – a site where the public can deliver household waste for reuse, recycling or disposal. Hydrogeology - the science that deals with subsurface waters and geological aspects of surface waters. Industrial Symbiosis - co-operation between local companies to identify and implement synergies and linkages between different industries that lead to previously unwanted or low value output resources becoming useful and competitively priced inputs for others. Aims to create resource efficiently. Industrial Waste - a legal definition relating to waste from any factory, industrial process (excluding mines and quarries) or premises used for services such as public transport or utilities, etc. Construction and demolition waste is classified as industrial waste. Inert - a material that will not react chemically with others. In the context of inert waste, it is materials such as soil, clay, chalk and spoil. Kerbside Collections - collections from outside individual households. Landfill - an engineered and controlled waste disposal facility at which waste is placed on or in the land. Landfill Tax - an environmental tax introduced in 1996 which applies to waste disposed of at landfill sites licensed under UK environmental law. Landfill Directive - a European Community Directive (1999/31/EC) which aims to prevent, or reduce as far as possible, the negative effects of landfill. Land-Won Aggregates - aggregates dug from the ground. Local Development Framework - the new system introduced under the Planning Act 2004 for planning at local level, replacing local plans. Local Strategic Partnership – a non-statutory body bringing together the public, private, voluntary and community sectors at a local level to improve the quality of life and delivery of services locally. Major Development Area (MDA) - an area identified through the planning system for major new development. Marine-Won Aggregates - aggregates dredged offshore from the sea and landed at wharves. Market Development - the development of uses and demand for recycled materials. Material Resources - materials that can be reused, recycled or have value recovered from them. Materials Recovery Facility - a plant for separating out recyclable waste streams, either mechanically or manually, prior to reprocessing. Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) - mechanical sorting and separation to separate out biodegradable materials, which are sent to a biological treatment process. Mechanical Sorting - sorting of materials and/or waste using machinery. Mineral Planning Area - a planning area designated by Government for the purpose of ensuring the need for land-won aggregates is met. Minerals - naturally occurring substances such as sand, gravel, chalk, clay, oil and gas extracted from the ground. Minerals and Waste Development Framework - the new means of planning for minerals and waste introduced under the Planning Act 2004. Minerals and Waste Local Plan - the old means of planning for minerals and waste which has been replaced by the Minerals and Waste Development Framework system. Municipal Waste – household waste and any other wastes collected by a Waste Collection Authority, or its agents, such as municipal parks and gardens’ waste, street litter, waste from fly-tipping, waste delivered to council recycling points and Civic Amenity site waste. Municipal Waste Management Strategy - a strategy, setting out a strategic framework for the management of municipal waste, jointly developed by waste collection authorities (WCAs) and the waste disposal authority (WDA) in an area. Natural Resources - resources obtained from the earth. Some natural resources such as wood can be replaced, while others such as water and natural gas are of limited supply. Natural Resources Initiative - a Hampshire initiative with the aim of providing a focus for local community action in conserving natural resources (materials, energy, water) and using them more efficiently. Net Self-sufficiency - the aim is to be self-sufficient in overall terms, ie providing management capacity equivalent to waste production. It is accepted that there will be some cross-boundary movements of waste and that the final processing capacity for recyclate falls outside this definition. New Forest National Park - new national park based on the New Forest that will be managed by a National Park Authority and will take over responsibility for minerals and waste planning in its area from April 2006. Non-hazardous Wastes - wastes which do not pose a threat to human health or the environment if properly regulated, including general household, commercial and industrial wastes. Applies particularly to the categorisation of landfill sites for these waste types. Non-inert - a material that can react chemically when mixed with others. Oily Water - waste water contaminated with oil. Organic - materials containing carbon, derived from living matter. Physical Treatment - using physical means such as shredding, sieving or sterilisation to treat waste materials. Process Chain - the activities involved with the lifecycle of goods and products (design, business practices, retail, procurement and consumption). Processing Facilities - plant for sorting and/or treating waste materials. Processing Technologies - methods of recovering materials/energy from waste materials and/or reducing the environmental impact of the material. Project Integra - the municipal waste management partnership and plan in Hampshire, Portsmouth and Southampton. Proximity Principle - the concept that waste should generally be managed as near as possible to its place of production to reduce the environmental impacts of transport. Pyrolysis - the breakdown of waste materials in a controlled process by the application of heat in the absence of air. The process generates three main products; oil, gas and a char. Recycling - the series of activities by which discarded materials are collected, sorted, processed and converted into raw materials and used in the production of new products. Regional Minerals Strategy - SEERA document setting out the regional framework for the development of minerals such as sand, gravel, chalk and clay. Regional Waste Strategy - SEERA document setting out the regional framework to 2016 for the management of waste materials. Remanufacturing - refurbishing items to good as new standard. Resource Productivity - in the context of the waste hierarchy, means minimising material inputs whilst maximising outputs. Renewable Resources - resources (e.g. forests, fresh water, fish, agricultural crops) that can be created or produced at the same rate at which they are consumed. Resource Recovery - recovery of materials, fuel or energy from waste. Resource Stream - a specific material component (e.g. paper) of overall waste. Reuse - when an item or its components are used in the same form more than once, not necessarily for the same purpose. RoHS - Restriction of Hazardous Substances. Shredding - breaking down materials or waste to a smaller and more uniform particle size as a more consistent feedstock for treatment processes. Sites Document - part of the new Local Development Framework process setting out sites and/or the location of resource extraction and processing facilities, and waste management facilities. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) - small (0-49 employees) and medium (50-249 employees) sized businesses. Societal Change - achieving change in the way society operates, including changing personal behaviour. Soil Conditioner - organic matter applied to soil to improve its structure and assist in retaining moisture and nutrients. South East England Regional Assembly (SEERA) - the body responsible for strategic planning and representing overall regional views in South East England. South East Plan - the strategic regional plan prepared by SEERA covering housing, transport, the economy and the environment. The plan is a legal document that local authorities and other government agencies will have to follow. Storage Facilities - sites for the storage of materials, particularly recyclables. Stretching Best Practice - the best judgement as to the maximum practicable level of achievement having regard to all relevant issues including best practice elsewhere. Sustainable Development - Development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It means meeting the following four objectives at the same time, in the UK and the world as a whole:
Thermal Processing - treatment of waste materials by the application of heat to achieve its breakdown through chemical reaction. Transfer Station - a local depot where materials and wastes are delivered by collection vehicles for bulking up into larger loads for transport for final processing and/or disposal. Treatment Technologies - processes that render waste materials less harmful and/or to facilitate the recovery of materials/energy from them. Unavoidable Wastes - wastes for which no recycling or composting schemes are available, no segregation of recyclables or compostables occurs, or wastes which are contaminated or otherwise rejected for recycling and composting. Waste - any substance or object which the producer or the person in possession of it intends to, is required to, or does discard. Waste Collection Authority - the authority (generally a unitary, district or borough council) responsible in law for the collection of household and other municipal waste. Waste Disposal Authority - the authority (generally a unitary or county council) responsible in law for arranging for the management of household and other municipal waste. Waste Hierarchy – preferred waste management options in the following order (most preferable first): reducing waste; reusing waste; recovery (recycling, composting, energy recovery) and only then disposal as a last option. WEEE - waste electrical and electronic equipment.
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